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The End of a Cycle for Chilean Science

The decision to introduce priority areas in the Fondecyt Postdoctoral program has generated an understandable reaction in the scientific community. Until now, the general principle of these competitions was that researchers from any discipline could compete for the available resources. The new policy introduces a different logic: the state is beginning to decide more explicitly which areas of knowledge it wants to fund.

But perhaps the problem is larger than this particular competition. We may be witnessing the beginning of the end of the institutional cycle of Chilean science that began in 1981.

Fondecyt was created that year, amid the neoliberal transformation of universities. As we discussed in The Financing of Research in Neoliberal Chile, until then a significant part of research had been institutionally funded: resources reached public universities and institutes, which supported research communities, infrastructure, and research programs.

The reforms of the 1980s changed this logic. Funding began to shift from institutions toward individual researchers capable of competing for grants. Fondecyt was a fundamental instrument in this transformation: access to public resources no longer depended primarily on the nature of the institution where research was conducted. A researcher could be based at a state university, a traditional university, or one of the new private universities that were beginning to develop within the university market created by the dictatorship.

The system thus made it possible to reduce direct funding to public institutions while indirectly financing the development of scientific capacities throughout the new university market. To conduct research, it was no longer essential to belong to a funded institution: one had to become a competitive researcher capable of capturing one’s own resources.

But that university market was never ideologically neutral.

Alongside pluralistic private institutions, explicitly confessional universities and centers, or institutions linked to particular political, religious, and cultural traditions, became established. The result was paradoxical: while the institutional capacity of public universities was weakened—universities that, by their very nature, were required to accommodate a relatively broad diversity of disciplines and perspectives—public resources could contribute to strengthening institutions that were much more doctrinally homogeneous.

For decades, this tension remained partially hidden because the Fondecyt mechanism aspired, at least formally, to a certain neutrality regarding the content of research: projects from different disciplines competed through academic evaluation.

The introduction of explicit priorities changes this equation.

The state no longer only funds researchers independently of the institution where they are based. It can now also preselect the fields of knowledge it considers relevant. A system that first weakened public institutions and strengthened a supposedly neutral university market can evolve and begin to prioritize, within that same system, forms of knowledge that align with the economic, political, or cultural preferences of the government of the day.

This is a qualitative change.

That is why the response should not simply be to return to the old Fondecyt. That mechanism was created precisely to make research function within the neoliberal university system: it atomized academic communities, shifted decisions from institutions to individuals, and progressively turned researchers into entrepreneurs of their own survival.

The exhaustion of this model should lead us to a different question:

What institutional architecture of knowledge do we want to build for the next cycle?

We certainly need research oriented toward national priorities. But we also need baseline funding for public universities and institutes, open funds for questions whose value we cannot yet anticipate, shared scientific infrastructure, and academic communities capable of sustaining knowledge for decades, regardless of its immediate profitability, bibliometric productivity, or affinity with those in government.

Because funding science is not only about selecting good projects. It is also about building and preserving institutions capable of producing knowledge.

In 1981, Chile built a scientific architecture coherent with the neoliberal cycle. In 2026, we may be seeing the beginning of its exhaustion.

The task should not be to preserve the system that is ending intact, but to imagine what should take its place.

What we need to defend is something considerably more important than Fondecyt: autonomous universities, basic science, intellectual pluralism, and a public knowledge system robust enough to survive even when what it studies is not profitable, popular, or ideologically convenient for the government in power.